Color blindness is characterized by the inability to distinguish some or all colors. Color blind people have a genetic change in the photoreceptors (cells that receive light). This change makes them fail to distinguish certain eletromagnetic wavelengths. These photoreceptors cells are called cone in wich it's found in the retina.
The human has three types of cones: The first responds to light of longer wavelengths, reaching a red color, this type is designated L (Long). The second responds to light to medium wavelength peaking at green in color, and is abbreviated M (Medium).The third type responds to short-wavelength light, blue in color, and is designated S (Short).
If the color blind has a ''defect'' in the cone L, for example, the person can't distinguish right wavelength associated with the red color.
So if you have some difficult to distinguish the colors, you must go to your ophthalmologist!
Resources:
http://super.abril.com.br/blogs/oraculo/por-que-daltonicos-enxergam-diferente/
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_(c%C3%A9lula)
http://www.minhavida.com.br/saude/temas/daltonismo
OMG, this is amazing!
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